EN · C1 · LEARN

Calibrating certainty

Understand each item before testing yourself. Choose honestly whether it already feels familiar or needs practice.

1 of 5Expression

The evidence clearly indicates that…

State a conclusion directly supported by evidence.

Example

The evidence clearly indicates that…

Distinguish observation, inference, likelihood, and firm conclusion without sounding either vague or absolute.

The evidence clearly indicates that…
Expression
State a conclusion directly supported by evidence.
The evidence clearly indicates that…
One plausible explanation is…
Expression
Offer a credible but unproven account.
One plausible explanation is that the new schedule reduced unnecessary journeys.
That may well have contributed,…
Expression
Acknowledge a likely influence without overstating it.
That may well have contributed, but it would be premature to treat it as the sole factor.
It would be premature to conclude that…
Expression
Delay a conclusion that exceeds the evidence.
That may well have contributed, but it would be premature to treat it as the sole factor.
What we can say with some confidence is…
Expression
Define the strongest defensible conclusion.
Agreed. What we can say with some confidence is that the change coincided with the new schedule.